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Night photography
by Wikipedia
Night photography generally refers to photographs taken outdoors between twilight and dusk. Originally night photographers had a choice between using artificial light or leaving the camera on a tripod and using a long shutter exposure, often for seconds or even minutes per exposure, in order to give the film enough time to capture enough light to record a proper exposure.
As of today, with the progress of films and lenses and the increasing power of urban lights, night photography can often be achieved using available light, however this does not make the use of long exposures or a flash obsolete.
History
In the early 1900's a few notable photographers, Alfred Stieglitz and William Fraser, began working at night. But the first photographers known to have produced a large body of work at night were Brassai and Bill Brandt. In the 1930's, Brassai published a noteworthy book, Paris la Nuit, of black-and-white photographs of the streets of Paris. During World War II, the British photographer Bill Brandt took advantage of the black-out conditions to photograph the streets of London by moonlight.
In the late 1970s, Steve Harper taught the first college-level course on night photograph at the Academy of Art College in San Francisco. The legacy of this program has lead to San Francisco becoming one of the core centers of night photography.
By the 1990's, British-born photographer Michael Kenna had established himself as the most commercially successful night photographer. His black-and-white landscapes were most often set between dusk and dawn in locations that included San Francisco, Japan, France, and England. Some of his most memorable projects depict the Ford Motor Company's Rogue River plant, the Ratcliffe nuclear power station in northern England, and many of the Nazi concentration camps scattered across Germany, France, Belgium, Poland and Austria.
During the beginning of the 21st century, the popularity of digital cameras made it much easier for beginning photographers to understand the complexities of photographing at night. Today, there are hundreds of websites dedicated to night photography.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography
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