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Infrared photography
by Wikipedia
In Infrared photography, a filter is used that blocks most of the visible light spectrum and only lets infrared (IR) light pass through to a camera. This is known as a band-pass filter. (Infrared filter)
When these filters are used together with infrared sensitive film or sensors, this results in very interesting false-color or black and white images with a fairy tale appearance. When used in a video or movie camera, this type of Optical effect is also known as an In-camera effect.
The effect is mainly caused by foliage (like tree leaves and grass) strongly reflecting and emitting (through fluorescence) infrared and thus appearing very bright, while other objects like water turn black.
Infrared photography became popular with 1960s recording artists, because of its unusual appearance; Jimi Hendrix, Donovan and the Grateful Dead all issued albums with infrared cover photos.
Many film cameras of the 1990s had infrared frame counters and their manuals often prohibited the use of infrared film because the counter could fog it.
Digital camera sensors are usually sensitive to infrared and the infrared will interfere with the normal photography. This might confuse the autofocus algorithm, oversaturate the red channel or soften the image because IR light is focused differently through the lens than normal light. Thus, to improve the image quality, some digital cameras employ infrared blockers. Infrared photography is usually not practical with these cameras because the exposure times become overly long, creating noise and motion blur in the final image.
Satellite sensors which are sensitive to infrared use a variety of technologies which may not resemble common camera or filter designs.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography
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